NIST Engineers Create Bioinspired Material with Enhanced Impact Resistance

USA: NIST Engineers Create Bioinspired Material with Enhanced Impact Resistance

Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have announced the development of a synthetic material that mimics the impact‑absorbing exoskeleton of the mantis shrimp. The team demonstrated the material’s ability to dissipate high‑velocity impacts in laboratory tests conducted in June 2025, highlighting potential uses ranging from aerospace shielding to protective gear.

Inspiration from Natural Armor

The mantis shrimp, a marine predator known for delivering blows comparable to a .22‑caliber bullet, derives its resilience from microscopic Bouligand structures within its shell. Similar architectures are also found in the exoskeletons of blue crabs and certain beetles, providing a natural blueprint for engineers seeking durable, lightweight composites.

Synthesizing Bouligand Nanostructures

Lead materials research engineer Edwin Chan and postdoctoral fellow Sujin Lee fabricated the artificial structures using cellulose nanocrystals extracted from plant fibers. The nanocrystals self‑assembled into layered plates that rotated relative to one another, forming a plywood‑like stack that replicates the natural Bouligand geometry.

High‑Speed Impact Testing

To evaluate performance, the researchers propelled silica microprojectiles at speeds up to 600 meters per second toward thin films of the synthetic material. A high‑intensity laser launched the projectiles, while an ultrafast camera captured the collision dynamics.

Key Findings on Energy Dissipation

Analysis of the footage revealed that thinner films suffered permanent indentations, whereas thicker, denser films redirected shockwaves, allowing the projectiles to rebound similarly to a tennis ball. By adjusting nanocrystal thickness and density, the team could fine‑tune how the material absorbed and spread impact energy.

Potential Applications

According to Chan, the findings could inform the design of aerospace components capable of withstanding micrometeoroid strikes, as well as bullet‑resistant glass, blast‑resistant building panels, and advanced protective helmets.

Future Research Directions

The NIST team plans to extend their measurement techniques to other advanced material platforms, aiming to create longer‑lasting, resilient products for both civilian and defense sectors.

This report is based on information from NIST, licensed under Public Domain (U.S. Government Work). Source: Official U.S. Government release.